Calorimeter.



J. F. SIMIVIANCE 8L1. ABADY.

CALORIMETER.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 28, 1913.

LKJYQQ Patented June 22, 1915.

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JOHN FREDERICK SIMMANCE AND JACQUES ABADY, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

CALOBIMETER.

Application filed November 28, 1913.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, JOHN FREDERICK SIMMANGE and Jacques ABADY, subjects of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at London, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Calorimeters, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

In the class of gaseous and liquid fuel calorimeters in which the heat of the products of combustion is absorbed by flowing water, the air which passes through the calorimeter to support the combustion contains an amount of water vapor which varies with its temperature and the prevailing atmospheric conditions. It is further quite usual for the temperature of the atmosphere to differ from that of the water flowing through the calorimeter, and the result is that the products of combustion issue from the calorimeter warmer or cooler than the atmosphere, and consequently as the prod ucts are always saturated they carry away a larger or smaller amount of moisture. Further as a combustible gas will in most cases contain hydrogen the condensing of the products of combustion will cause the deposit of a variable amount of moisture more or less as the percentageof hydrogen varies. As a large amount of air is required for combustion and an excess is supplied, it follows that the products of combustion are largely mixed with such air, which on coming in contact with the cold water surfaces may add its quota of condensed water to the moisture attributable to the combustion of hydrogen. Naturally, both air and combustion products issue fully saturated. Thus the usual determination of gross calorific power by means of a calorimeter does not give as it should the true Value of the total heat of the fuel.

Gur invention relates to a calorimeter by means of which the total heat of the fuel is directly determined, of the type in which the gas burner is placed in an inclosed chamber, and the gas and air to form the combustible mixture, and the water which absorbs the heat from the calorimeter are brought to the same temperature before they pass into the instrument.

The means we adopt is to provide a special inlet aperture into which air is brought by the action of a stream of water. To efl'ect sufficiently long contact and to entirely cool Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 22, 1915.

Serial No. 803,638.

and saturate the air, it is most convenient to arrange a falling column of water in a large tube which draws in air at the upper end and passes it into the burner-box, the water tself falling into a sump hole, from whence it drains away. This falling column is conveniently utilized as the overflow from a constant-head cistern, which is elevated upon the tube through which the water falls.

In the drawings,Figure 1 shows the general arrangement; and Figs. 2 and 3 show modifications thereof.

Q is the body of the calorimeter, the water going in at 1 and coming out at 2; 3 is the gas supply pipe; B is the burner. The ingoing air enters by the holes 20 at the top of the large pipe 4 while the cooled outcoming combustion products issue at 6. At the top of the said pipe 4 a water tank 9 is supported from which the water is led to the calorlmeter by the tube 21, a constant level being maintained by the overflow pipe 22. The embodiment of a constant level tank is not a necessary part of our invention but is a convenient method of making the water perform a double function, viz. to saturate and cool the air and also to maintain a constant level on the inlet water supply and thus in sure a steady water flow through the calorimeter. A stream of water issues from the opening 23, and trickling downward saturates the ingoing air. The excess water collects at the bottom of the pipe and escapes through the overflow pipe 24. The saturated ingoing air enters the burner box 8 of the calorimeter through the pipe 25. The water condensed from the combustion products passing through the calorimeter escapes by the overflow pipe 18.

The gas is automatically condensed to temperature of-the ingoing air by being connected to the gas governor (of the wet type). The gas pipe 3 may take the form of a tube of considerable length which lies coiled in the burner box 8, the gas being thus brought to the temperature of the saturated air supplied to the burner box. A metal enlargement E of the gas pipe 3 may be provided to serve as a reservoir for moisture, and which may be emptied at will.

What we claim as our invention is:

1. In a gas calorimeter, means for supplying air and water thereto, and means for substantially equalizing the temperatures of said air and water.

2. In a gas calorimeter, means for supplying Water thereto and means for supplying air at substantially the same temperature as the Water supplied, and for substantially standardizing the saturation of said air at said temperature.

3. In a gas calorimeter, means for supplying water, air, and gas to said calorimeter, and means for substantially equalizing the temperatures of said water, air, and gas supplied thereto.

I. In a gas calorimeter, means for supplying water thereto, and separate means for supplying air thereto, said air being brought into contact with Water at substantially the same temperature as the Water supplied.

5. In a gas calorimeter, the combination With a closed burner box, of a chamber connected at one end to said burner box and having air openings, and a passage for water at the opposite end, means for passing Water and air through said chamber, the water running to waste and the air passing into said burner box, and a gas tube coiled within said burner box having an enlargement therein.

6. In a gas calorimeter, the combination with a closed burner box, of an elongated chamber or pipe, and means for passing air and water through said elongated chamber,

the air passing from said chamber into said closed burner box and the water running to waste.

7. In a gas calorimeter, the combination with a pipe, of an overhead tank supplied with water supported on said pipe, a passage from said tank into said pipe for the Water, air openingsin the upper end of said pipe, means for passing the water and air in the same direction, a closed burner box, and means for subsequently passing the air into said closed burner box, the Water running to Waste.

8. Ina gas calorimeter, the combination with a closed burner box, of an upright elongated chamber or pipe having at its base an air connection to the burner box, and a Water outlet and at its upper end air openings, and means whereby water is supplied, the air and water passing down the pipe, the air passing into the closed burner box and the water running to waste.

In testimony whereof we aflix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN FREDERICK SIMMANCE. JACQUES ABADY. Witnesses:

TRACY LAY,

O. J. VVoR'rH.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Gommissioner of Batents, Washington, D. 0. 

